Yes, you need to set up the charging station because that is where the mower automatically returns whenever it needs to recharge.

While you could theoretically use it as a "drop and mow" mower by charging the battery manually, this is not how the Landroid Vision is designed to function. You wouldn't be utilizing the mower's full automation capabilities, and if you cannot provide outside power, it may be better to look for a mower specifically designed for manual "drop and mow" operation.
Mark